May. 27, 2024
Safety capacitors are widely used in various applications, including small household appliances, power products, electromechanical motors, LED lighting, chargers, and uninterruptible power supplies.
In many power supplies, we often see the presence of X2 safety capacitors. Their function, which is well-known, is to suppress electromagnetic interference (EMI) in power supplies. Without X2 capacitors, many power supplies would fail certification. Thus, X2 capacitors are crucial. Besides suppressing EMI, X2 safety capacitors have other uses.
Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Power Supplies
The most typical application of X2 capacitors is to suppress electromagnetic interference in power supplies. They are widely used in power bridging circuits and other anti-interference scenarios.
Typically, X2 safety capacitors have two leads that bridge the neutral and live wires. They are suitable for high-frequency, DC, AC, and coupling applications, bridging pulse circuits and can withstand overvoltage surges. Usually, they are used in parallel with resistors to discharge charges.
A key feature of X2 safety capacitors is that they must be certified by safety testing agencies. X2 capacitors are generally marked with a safety approval logo and 275VAC. However, their rated voltage is not always 275VAC. For example, KYET’s X2 capacitors have rated voltages of 310/350/380VAC, with a true DC withstand voltage of over 2000V.
Note: Do not substitute ordinary capacitors marked with AC250V or DC400V for X2 capacitors.
Used in Resistor-Capacitor (RC) Step-Down Circuits
Capacitors like the CBB22, MPB box capacitors, and X2 safety capacitors have models specifically designed for RC step-down circuits. Do not use ordinary X2 safety capacitors as step-down capacitors, as this can lead to rapid capacitance degradation. Only use X2 safety capacitors designed for RC step-down purposes.
The principle of capacitor step-down is simple: it uses capacitive reactance to limit current. The capacitor effectively limits the current and dynamically distributes the voltage between the capacitor and the load.
X2 capacitors are very stable and have a long lifespan, making the circuit simple and cost-effective.
Used in Filtering Circuits
Large capacitors are commonly used for filtering, and X2 safety capacitors are no exception. They can be used for DC filtering and can be used in parallel. This is another important function of X2 capacitors.
This article was provided by JYH HSU (JEC) Electronics Ltd (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronic Co., Ltd.), an electronic components manufacturer who produces all kinds of capacitors and resistors. JEC factories hold ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certifications.
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