Nov. 10, 2023
Supercapacitors are a new type of energy storage device that falls between traditional capacitors and rechargeable batteries. Due to their significantly larger capacity, reaching farads compared to the microfarads of regular capacitors, they are called supercapacitors.
In addition to their large capacitance, supercapacitors have advantages such as fast charging, long usage times, a wide temperature range, and high power density. As a result, they find widespread applications in various fields, including power, electronics, aerospace, automotive, and more.
The reason why supercapacitors can charge in a matter of seconds lies in their charging mechanism, which differs from traditional batteries. Supercapacitors store energy using a double-layer capacitor configuration, contributing to their rapid charging capability.
When a supercapacitor is connected to a power source, the power passes through a polarized electrolyte, creating an electric field that stores energy in the supercapacitor. This process does not involve chemical reactions. Without the impedance generated by electrochemical reactions, the charging and discharging circuit of supercapacitors is simple and unobstructed, allowing for the direct transfer of charges and rapid energy storage.
Furthermore, a double-layer forms between the electrolyte and electrode materials of supercapacitors, similar to a capacitor. This structure enables quick charge and discharge within a short period.
In contrast, the charging process of traditional batteries involves chemical reactions, which take a certain amount of time. Therefore, the charging speed of supercapacitors is much faster than that of traditional batteries.
Additionally, the electrode materials of supercapacitors typically use materials with high surface area, such as activated carbon, allowing supercapacitors to store more charge. Simultaneously, the electrolyte of supercapacitors utilizes materials with good ion conductivity, facilitating the rapid absorption and release of charges.
This article was provided by JYH HSU (JEC) Electronics. JEC is a research, development, production, and sales-oriented company specializing in manufacturing and selling various electronic components such as capacitors and resistors.
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